Saturday, December 28, 2019

Leonardo Da Vinci The Renaissance - 951 Words

The Renaissance was a rebirth of creativity, freedom, individuality, independence and self- determination. During this time period where humanism was encouraged, there were countless Renaissance men. One astounding and well recognized man was Leonardo da Vinci, he had many aptitudes and talents that portrayed him to be an astonishing artist of the Renaissance time period. Leonardo da Vinci, Influenced many during the Renaissance, due to his great art, anatomy, science literature. As demonstrated by the achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance was a time of great change. The Renaissance was a time period in the European history, from 14th to the 17th century. The Renaissance highly encouraged their individuality opposed to having†¦show more content†¦Humanism is about freedom and liberty as the renaissance time period is all about autonomy these two sources corroborate. Panelas (13 July 2016) a secondary source, that explicitly talks about humanism, and what effect it had on humans. This source explicitly states: â€Å"The effect of humanism was to help men break free from the mental strictures imposed by [religion], Panelas (13 July 2016) implies that many people were sick of the religious laws, they were unable to have their own beliefs and freedom to explore and focus on what they wanted to, therefore wanting to move away from the churches ways. This can communicate the motivation to start the renaissance because they wanted to move away from the churches strict ways. This is valuable because this gave them freedom, independence and a ch oice. That is relevant in explaining how the Renaissance people lived as they did not want to live in the way of the church instead wanting to live their own way. Although the Renaissance was great as it is, one particular individual named Leonardo da Vinci, inspired the freedom like none other. Leonardo da Vinci is a wonderful artist from the Renaissance era, he had many talents and his early life showed this. Zimmermann {2013} secondary source, that explicitly explains the life of Leonardo da Vinci. â€Å"Beyond basic reading, writing and mathematical skills, da Vinci did not receive much of a formal education. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. his father sent him at the age of 14 or 15 toShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance Painting : Leonardo Da Vinci And Leonardo Da Vinci971 Words   |  4 Pagesstated in her book â€Å"The Annotated Mona Lisa† (32). During the Renaissance period, artists discovered new techniques, that gave paintings and sculptures more character. It seems, th e paintings that were created during this time, have multiple layers that give the paintings more meaning and makes the painting livelier. An artist before the Renaissance period used tempera paint on a wood panel. However, artists creating art during the Renaissance period used fresco on plaster walls and oil on stretched canvasRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance2102 Words   |  9 Pagesmiracles that such studies will disclose.† - Leonardo da Vinci The Italian Renaissance was a wonderful time of growth and rebirth throughout Italy from the 14th to the 16th century. Many famous and talented artists were at their peak during this time, including painters such as Michelangelo and Donatello. Few though earned the title of â€Å"Renaissance Man†, meaning a person with many talents or areas of knowledge. One of these few is Leonardo da Vinci, famous for his beautiful paintings, amazing sketchesRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance1071 Words   |  5 Pagesa cultural movement called the Renaissance existed. The Renaissance housed some of the greatest intellects, such as Leonardo da Vinci, and a radically different way of thinking emerged. Humanism developed largely and rapidly among this time, and was greatly influenced by a man named Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536). Erasmus, a Dutchman, originally lived among monasteries where he developed many opposing views during his years of service. In the midst of the Renaissanc e, around the 16th century, theRead MoreRenaissance Art By Leonardo Da Vinci888 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we talk Renaissance art, we’re talking about a period of art that has a plentiful amount of innovation and creation within the time period. Its artists are innovative, highly devoted to the work of art their working on, and above all else committed to the recreation of a different style of art following the Middle Ages. Having to decide on a piece of art from the Renaissance period to write about is tougher than one would think. There are so many great artist and so many great pieces of artRead MoreThe Renaissance Er Leonardo Da Vinci1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance was a revolutionary period in European history from the 14th to the 17th century. Its movement began in Italy, but spread throughout Europe. The Renaissance brought many new things to Europe like classical texts, scientific discoveries and new technology, novels, and creative new styles of art. One of the most famous figures of the Renaissance era is Leonardo Da Vinci. His work displayed the humanist ideas that defined the Renaissance era. He was a botanist, writer, geologist, cartographerRead MoreHumanism : Leonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance1459 Words   |  6 PagesHumanism is the belief that man has dignity and worth, therefore, the life on Earth should be cherished rather than just simply endured. This philosophy or intellectual movement initiated the Renaissance. During the middle ages, elements of daily life were strictly structured around the church and religion. However, toward the beginning of the 14th century, the power of the Church began to significantly decline. This was sparked by the Bubonic plague. The plague was viewed as a punishment fromRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Era1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmasterpieces are created to represent the time of its creation. During the Renaissance Era, the humanist and classical values of art flourished . One of the great masters of the Renaissance known as Leonardo Da Vinci, dominated the period of the High Renaissance. The values of the Renaissance exist in the works of Leonardo Da Vinci portrayed through his paintings of Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and Salvator Mundi. The Renaissance Era was a period in Europe that lasted between the 14th century and 17thRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : A Renaissance Man1112 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and military engineer which is the perfect example of a â€Å"Renaissance man.† With a curious mind, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His ideas and body of work have influenced countless artists and made da Vinci a great influence of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the village of Vinci about 25 miles west of Florence. He was the illegitimate sonRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci once said,† the painter who draws merely by practice and by eye, without any reason, is like a mirror which copies everything placed in front of it without being conscious of their existence.† Who would have thought that this rural boy would become one of the world’s greatest mind and artist? Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 14, 1452 in the town of Vinci near Florence Italy. He lived during the fifteenth century, a period when the people of Europe were becoming interested inRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance Man963 Words   |  4 Pagesthan Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci was not only a painter, but also a sculptor, architect, engineer, musician, inventor and scientist. There are not many that were gifted in multiple aspects like him. His actions alone coined him the name The Renaissance Man. On April 15, 1452, Leonardo da Vinci was born out of wedlock in a farmhouse on the outside the village of Anchiano. He was the son of a Florentine notary named Ser Piero and a young peasant girl by the name of Caterina. When da Vinci turned

Friday, December 20, 2019

Australian Poetry An Analysis of Bruce Dawes Poem,...

Bruce Dawe is considered to be one of Australia’s most influential poets of the 20th century. Dawe’s poems capture Australian life in numerous ways, whether it is our passion for AFL in Life-Cycle or our reckless nature towards war as in Homecoming. Dawe creates very complicated poems reflecting the author’s context relevant to the time period, your context is based upon your reading of the poem, where you may gather different meanings, to that of the original intent, hidden within the text. Life-Cycle: Written in the 1960’s this poem is one of the most famous of Dawe’s collection. Written to reflect Australia’s passion for its national sport it creates analogies with that of the catholic religion. This fact may be taken in a number†¦show more content†¦This line can be referenced to the sacrament of baptism. In the sacrament of baptism children are dressed in white and prepared for entering the church life and allowing God into their lives. Like baptism the child has no opinion into its choice of favorite footy team the parents simply choose it for them which occurs in baptism, the child has no say as to if it wants to be baptized into a religion, the infants guardians baptize him/her into their religious order regardless of their wishes. There is a constant atmosphere of war throughout the duration of the poem. It is present in the idea that the footy teams are in constant battle with each other to win the ultimate prize; The Grand Final. There is also a reference to a war poem within the line ‘They will not grow old as those from more northern States grow old’ this line has been taken from the poem Ode of Remembrance and manipulated to suit the AFL theme. The Ode was written by Laurence Binyon in commemoration of those soldiers who died in World War 1 . This reference to the Ode also supports the idea of war in the poem through its original genre of post-war. Dawe himself also may have drawn on his own experiences to enhance this battle atmosphere. Dawe joined the RAAF when he was 38

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Rights of Shareholder and Power of the Company Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Does the Board of Waldmart have the power to Issue Bonus Shares and can the Shareholders at the Upcoming AGM Legally Compel the board not to Issue the Share?2.Can the Shareholders Stop the Directors from Increasing and Paying the proposed dividend because it is Commercially Unwise to do So?3.If Shareholders Vote against the Remuneration Report and a Second Strike is achieved, what will be the Consequence of Waldmart Ltd and its Director? Answers: Introduction The following assignment aims to analyse the relevant regulations of company law and evaluate the actions taken by the board of Waldmart Ltd. In order to analyse and evaluate the given scenario in the case study, principles of commercial law as well as corporate law have been considered. The first situation examines the eligibility of Waldmarts board to issue bonus shares along with the analysis on the eligibility of companys shareholders restricting the board for issue of shares. The study further examines the entitlement of shareholders to confine the directors from increasing or paying proposed dividend considering it to be commercially unwise. Considering the regulations of corporation law, potential consequences have been identified if shareholders vote against the companys remuneration report and a second strike is achieved. (a) Power of company to issue bonus shares and eligibility of shareholders to restrict the companys board not to issue the shares at the upcoming AGM As per the regulations under section 254A, Corporations Act 2001, an organisations power within section 124 for issue of securities contains the power for issue of bonus shares for which the investors are not required to pay considerations to the company. The act further provides that the in order to issue bonus shares increase of share capital is not required since the bonus shares are issued through profit capitalization[1]. However, the company must have appropriate balance in the reserves and sustained profitability trends to issue bonus shares to the stakeholders. As per the rulings held in case of BTR Nylex Ltd v Churchill International Inc (1992) 9 ACSR 361, court contended that the issue of bonus shares should be for companys investors while the issuing amount should be capitalised from companys reserves and not from the balance of profit attributable to shareholders[2]. According to the regulations provided in the Corporations Act, rights to issue shares lies on the companys board members depending on the companys constitution. The act provides that the existing shareholders must be given pre- emptive rights for share issue over the proposed investors[3]. In case of Bradbury v English Sewing Cotton Co (1923)AC 744, court held that the issue of shares forms part of share capital and remains the companys property hence, the companys board has the rights and power to issue shares. Similarly, company has the right and power to issue bonus shares, decision of which is taken in the board meeting with the approval of directors and board members[4]. The given situation involves proposal of bonus issue by the board of Waldmart Ltd to the existing shareholders together with the increase in dividend amount to $1.25 cents with a rise of 25% from the last years dividend amount. It has been observed that the issue of bonus shares was proposed during the period of unstable financial times. Considering the principles given under section 254A under Corporations Act, it can be said that the company has all the powers to issue bonus shares with the approval of board members. Therefore, in this case, Waldmart Limited has the power to issue bonus shares after monitoring the profitability trends and appropriate balance in companys reserves. The board of the company needs to ensure that the issue of bonus share is not against the dividend payment while the amount of profit distributable to shareholders is not used for bonus capitalization. Further, it has been observed that the approval of bonus shares lies within the power of companys board of directors. Proposal of bonus issue of share or any other form of issue like rights issue, employee issue, is approved at the board meeting and not at the annual general meeting of the company. As per the principles of corporation act proposal of share issue is approved at the board meeting whereas declared at the annual general meeting which does not give legal power to the Therefore, it can be concluded that Waldmarts board have the power to issue bonus shares subject to compliance of regulations under Corporations Act 2001. Further, Better Super Limited or any other shareholders are not legally entitled to compel the board of Walmart not to issue the share at forthcoming AGM. (b) Power of shareholders to stop the directors from increasing and paying the proposed dividend According to the provisions stated under section 254T, a listed company is entitled to pay dividend only if the value of assets exceeds the value of liabilities prior to dividend declaration. The excess amount should be adequate to make the dividend payment while the payment should be fair and reasonable to all the shareholders of the company[6]. The act further provides that the dividend payment should not materially detriment the organisations efficiency to repay its obligations. The regulations of corporation law states that board of the company is not mandatorily required to take shareholders approval to declare dividend but as per the recent amendments, directors are required to assure the solvency test. The solvency test requires the ability of the company to repay its debts within due time and the assets must be higher than the liabilities[7]. It has been noted that the declaration of dividend becomes companys obligation to the shareholders for which the shareholders have the right to enforce. Similar to the case of Industrial Equity Ltd v Blackburn (1977) HCA 59, it was held that the company acquires contractual debt to the shareholder as the dividend has already been proposed and declared. In addition, the corporation law provides that shareholders have the right to waive off the allocated dividend subjected to the declaration has been given in written notice[8]. However, under ordinary business resolutions, shareholders are not entitled to stop the directors from increasing or paying the proposed dividend even if it is commercially unwise. Once the dividend has been proposed, the company is obligated to make the payment to the shareholders within the specified period. However, as per the legislation, shareholders may restrict the company from authorising dividend if all the entitled shareholders provide unanimous agreem ent. On the contrary, corporations act does not give right and entitlement to shareholders to restrict the company from paying or increasing dividend one it has been authorised or proposed at the board meeting[9]. Moreover, in case shareholders find that the company does not satisfy the solvency test or if the payment of dividend is detrimental to the benefits of the shareholders, then the shareholders may apply to the court under jurisdiction claiming the contravention of corporation act regulations. The shareholders can also apply against the companys directors for breach of organisational constitution as well as legislations of corporation law[10]. Accordingly, in the present situation, decision of board of Waldmart Ltd on increase of dividend to $1.25 cents with a rise of 25% should be as per the provisions of section 254T with respect to the solvency test. It has been mentioned that the increase in dividend payment by company has been proposed during the unstable financial times and Better Super Ltd and other shareholders were not happy with the proposal. Considering the above discussion on corporation act regulations, Better Super Ltd or other shareholders are not entitled to stop company from paying the dividend. Besides, if the shareholders determine that Waldmart fails to satisfy solvency test as per section 254T then they can make application to the court against the company as well as the directors. (c) Consequences of Waldmart Ltd and its directors if shareholders vote against the remuneration report and second strike is achieved According to the regulations of section 300A of Corporations Act 2001, a company listed on Australian stock exchange requires to prepare and present remuneration report to the shareholders. The report must be presented at every annual general meeting (AGM) disclosing the policies of the companys board to determine the nature and value of remuneration payment of which has been made to the directors and key managerial personnel[11]. The report further presents the business relationships between companys policies and financial performance together with the explanation on problems of business performance. Further, as per the amendment on Corporations Act 2001 that was made on July 1 2011, the shareholders are entitled to vote for the remuneration report at the annual general meeting to provide their consent or otherwise[12]. In case the company receives a no vote that is equal to or more than 25%, the company achieves first strike hence, the company is required to present explanation on shareholders concerns in subsequent remuneration report[13]. On presenting the subsequent remuneration report, the company needs to ensure the appropriateness of explanation provided for last report for shareholders concerns. However, if company receives a no vote against the subsequent report with 25% or more, the consequence will fall under second strike[14]. In the present case, board of Waldmart Ltd achieved first strike on the remuneration report presented at the annual general meeting held last year. However, the company presented a separate report to provide justification for the unapproved remuneration report stating the importance and concerns of shareholders. Besides, considering the proposals of company on bonus issue and increase dividend amount, Better Super Ltd and other shareholders were unhappy. Accordingly, it has been expected that the shareholders might vote against the remuneration report in the subsequent AGM, which would occur second strike if the rejection vote exceeds 25%. Therefore, in case Waldmart Ltd achieves second strike then the consequences will include voting of shareholders at the same annual general meeting, which would be held to establish the requirement of directors for re- election within a period of 90 days[15]. The regulations of Corporation Act further provides that the if the shareholders vote and pass the resolution with eligible vote of 50% or more, then Waldmart Limited will be required to hold spill meeting within a period of 90 days. The spill meeting will be conducted to determine the eligibility of present directs of Walmart to stand for the process of re- election excluding the companys managing director[16]. The consequences of second strike for conducting spill meeting to re-elect the directors is not applicable to managing director who is entitled to persist the business activities. In addition, Waldmart is required to comply the requirements of Corporations Act and ASX Listing Rules to establish the procedures of voting i ncluding maintenance of integrity. Contravention of regulations and principles, companys directors would be imposed with severe penalty charges together with the fines and imprisonment[17]. Conclusion In view of the above discussion on companys powers and shareholders rights as per the Corporations Act 2001, it can be said the board of the company should consider shareholders concern while taking any business decisions. The Corporations Law provides that the power to issue bonus shares lie on the companys board subject to the satisfaction of solvency test and shareholders benefits. The act does not give right to shareholders to compel the board for not to issue shares unless the agreement has been obtained unanimously. Further, payment or increase of dividend depends on the boards approval that cannot be revoked if the same has been approved or proposed at the board meeting if company has sufficient profit. In addition the study indentified the consequences of second strike to Waldmart and directors which requires holding of spill meeting within 90 days to re- elect directors. References Austin R.P. Ramsay, I., Ford's Principles of Corporations Law, Butterworths, Australia, 16th edition, 2014. Austlii.edu.au. Australasian Legal Information Institute (Austlii) https://www.austlii.edu.au 2017 Chen, V., Ramsay, I. and Welsh, M.A., 2016. Corporate law reform in Australia: An analysis of the influence of ownership structures and corporate failure. Davenport, S and Parker D, Business and Law in Australia, Thomson Reuters, 2012 Fisher S, Anderson C, Dickfos, Corporations Law - Butterworths Tutorial Series, 4th Edition Butterworths, Sydney 2014 Fitzpatrick, Symes, Veljanovski, Parker, Business and Corporations Law; LexisNexis 3rd edition 2017 Grosse, M., Kean, S. and Scott, T., Shareholder say on pay and CEO compensation: three strikes and the board is out.Accounting Finance 2015. Harris J, Butterworths Questions and Answers Corporations Law: LexisNexis, 3rd Edition Sydney 2009. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M., Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, 2015. Jokinen, J., Granlund, M. and Pfister, P.D.J., The role of auditors in the Finnish limited liability companies as to solvency test in the context of asset distribution 2015. Malhotra, M., Thenmozhi, M. and Arun Kumar, G., Evidence on changes in time varying volatility around bonus and rights issue announcements.International Journal of Emerging Markets,8(2), pp.129-143 2013 Monem, R. and Ng, C., Australias two-strikes rule and the pay-performance link: Are shareholders judicious?.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,9(2), pp.237-254 2013. Pottenger, M. and Leigh, A., Long?Run Trends in Australian Executive Remuneration: BHP, 18872012.Australian Economic History Review 2015. Vallascas, F. and Hagendorff, J., CEO bonus compensation and bank default risk: evidence from the US and Europe.Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments,22(2), pp.47-89 2013 Venkataraman, R. and Kumar, H.P., A Study on Impact of Bonus Issues on Stock Returns on Selected Equities in Indian Capital Market.Sumedha Journal of Management,4(3), p.70 2015 Vermeesch,R B, Lindgren, K E, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition, 2011. Deegan, Craig and Muhammad Azizul Islam, "Corporate Commitment To Sustainability - Is It All Hot Air? An Australian Review Of The Linkage Between Executive Pay And Sustainable Performance" (2012) 22Australian Accounting Review Dolzer, Rudolf and Christoph Schreuer, "Principles Of International Investment Law" (2014) 102American Journal of International Law. Hogg, Martin, "Restitution Following Termination Of Contract: A Contractual Or Enrichment Remedy?" (2015) 19Edinburgh Law Review MacMillan, Claire, "Corporate Law: Impact Of Regulatory Reforms On Executive Remuneration In Australia-Agms In 2011" (2012) 64Keeping good companies Poole, Jill, "Textbook On Contract Law" [2016]Oxford University Press Austlii.edu.au. Australasian Legal Information Institute (Austlii) https://www.austlii.edu.au 2017 Venkataraman, R. and Kumar, H.P., A Study on Impact of Bonus Issues on Stock Returns on Selected Equities in Indian Capital Market.Sumedha Journal of Management,4(3), p.70 2015 Austlii.edu.au. Australasian Legal Information Institute (Austlii) https://www.austlii.edu.au 2017 Malhotra, M., Thenmozhi, M. and Arun Kumar, G., Evidence on changes in time varying volatility around bonus and rights issue announcements.International Journal of Emerging Markets,8(2), pp.129-143 2013 Vallascas, F. and Hagendorff, J., CEO bonus compensation and bank default risk: evidence from the US and Europe.Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments,22(2), pp.47-89 2013 Jokinen, J., Granlund, M. and Pfister, P.D.J., The role of auditors in the Finnish limited liability companies as to solvency test in the context of asset distribution 2015. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M., Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, 2015. Austin R.P. Ramsay, I., Ford's Principles of Corporations Law, Butterworths, Australia, 16th edition, 2014. Fisher S, Anderson C, Dickfos, Corporations Law - Butterworths Tutorial Series, 4th Edition Butterworths, Sydney 2014 Pottenger, M. and Leigh, A., Long?Run Trends in Australian Executive Remuneration: BHP, 18872012.Australian Economic History Review 2015. Harris J, Butterworths Questions and Answers Corporations Law:, LexisNexis, 3rd Edition Sydney 2009. Vermeesch,R B, Lindgren, K E, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition, 2011. Davenport, S and Parker D, Business and Law in Australia, Thomson Reuters, 2012 Fitzpatrick, Symes, Veljanovski, Parker, Business and Corporations Law; LexisNexis 3rd edition 2017 Monem, R. and Ng, C., Australias two-strikes rule and the pay-performance link: Are shareholders judicious?Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,9(2), pp.237-254 2013. Grosse, M., Kean, S. and Scott, T., Shareholder say on pay and CEO compensation: three strikes and the board is out.Accounting Finance 2015. Chen, V., Ramsay, I. and Welsh, M.A., Corporate law reform in Australia: An analysis of the influence of ownership structures and corporate failure 2016.